Women make up the backbone of society. Nowhere is this truer than in rural Africa, where the so-called “lesser sex” takes on the bulk of the childrearing, housekeeping and income earning. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), women make up 70 percent of Africa’s agricultural workforce and grow 90 percent of its food.
Most women in sub-Saharan Africa have traditional responsibilities as food growers, water and fuel gatherers, and caregivers. The gender-specific division of labour in rural agricultural societies means that environmental degradation caused by climate change as well as unplanned development affects women the most.
Yet, despite their strong dependence on the environment’s wellbeing making significant contributions to their households, their communities and the economy, women’s voices are noticeably absent from discussions on Africa’s development. It is time to make our voices heard.
Feminism has already had an impact in Africa. I became the first elected female African head of state two decades ago. Other women have since taken on important public leadership roles in other African nations. Today, we are beginning to see more women in decision making and leadership roles than ever before across the continent.
Indeed, Africa is leading the world in women’s public leadership. Five African countries are among the top 20 in the world in women’s parliamentary representation. Rwanda still leads the list with its 60 percent female parliament.
The increasing number of African women in public leadership positions is not a trend confined to national institutions. Many African women now hold leadership positions in international organisations such as the World Trade Organization, African Union and United Nations.
While we have made significant progress towards increasing gender equality in Africa, and an increasing number of women are now in decision-making roles in many areas, there is one important field where female voices are still lacking: conservation.
If we are to create a truly vibrant African conservation sector which produces dynamic and effective solutions to our significant conservation challenges, governments and conservation groups need to put in place measures to ensure that we look at problems from different angles. And one of the best ways to achieve this is to listen to women who are often the most affected by environmental degradation.
The establishment of conservancies has allowed for the safeguarding of wildlife corridors across Africa, and connected protected areas with one another. They also created opportunities for many at the community level. Rural women who had since time immemorial assumed the role of the guardians of natural resources, however, have not been able to fully reap these benefits because they are not the recognised owners of the land. Held back by traditional gender roles, they have not been given the opportunity to engage in the governance of conservancies.
As the group most affected by climate change, women have a better understanding of what needs to be done to adapt to changing environmental conditions, protect the environment, and come up with practical solutions to problems introduced by climate change. But restricted land rights, lack of access to financial resources, training and technology, as well as limited access to political decision-making spheres often prevent them from playing a full role in tackling climate change and other environmental challenges. Unleashing the knowledge and capability of women thus represents an important opportunity to craft effective climate change solutions for the benefit of all and increase the efficiency of conservation efforts.
The conservation sector has been male-dominated since the beginning and is still failing to tap into female knowledge and potential in addressing the complex problems it is facing today.
The inaugural Africa Protected Areas Congress (APAC) that is slated to take place in Kigali from next week, 18 to 23 July, 2022, will not only provide an important platform for women in conservation to make their voices heard but also serve as a venue for having conversations about the best paths to increase female representation in the field.
The number of women in decision-making positions in the sector needs to be increased to achieve gender equality, but this should not be the only reason behind efforts to encourage women to participate in conservation. The sector also needs to acknowledge the unique approaches and solutions women can bring to the table.
At national and subnational levels, more women – and especially rural women- should be involved in the design and planning of conservation policies, programmes and projects, as well as their financing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Investing in participatory, multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral gender action plans related to conservation can also help countries develop comprehensive strategies that integrate gender concerns and build on women’s unique knowledge and perspectives.
Today, achieving gender parity should be a priority for every sector. Thus, APAC should be an opportunity for all actors that have a stake in conservation, from global organisations to the private sector and governments, to engage in a dialogue on increasing female representation in the field. More women should be participating in setting the agenda of the conservation industry, not only because we need gender equality but because women are likely holding the key to developing effective and sustainable conservation solutions.
Women should take their rightful place in all organisations and initiatives aiming to combat climate change and protect Africa’s environment and precious ecosystem – not only for the sake of gender parity, but for the sake of the continent’s future.
