In the short span of just two years, South Sudan has seen three changes at the leadership of its central bank. In any context, this would be unusual. But for a young country still finding its footing after conflict, it is especially troubling. At stake is not simply who occupies the post, but whether the country can build institutions strong enough to inspire trust, ensure policy consistency, and guide long-term economic recovery.
Since August 2022, the governor’s chair has been held by Johnny Ohisa Damian, James Alic Garang, and now Dr Addis Ababa Othow. Mr Damian’s initial removal and subsequent brief reinstatement, followed by Mr Garang’s sudden departure despite his impressive international background, have raised eyebrows among economists and development partners alike. While the reasons for these changes remain murky, the implications are increasingly clear.
First and foremost is the question of continuity. A central bank plays a pivotal role in stabilising currency, managing inflation, and directing national monetary policy. It is not merely a symbolic post. Frequent changes at the top disrupt planning, delay implementation, and can lead to an erosion of credibility both at home and abroad. Institutions thrive on predictability. When that is lacking, confidence falters.
Mr Garang, a trained economist with experience working alongside international financial institutions, brought a level of professionalism and reformist thinking that many hoped would signal a new chapter. His sudden departure, barely a year into his term, undermines that hope and sends a disheartening message to other professionals who may consider serving in such roles. It also signals to investors and international observers that South Sudan’s technocratic leadership may not be insulated from political interference.
The challenge is not unique to South Sudan. Across the continent, a recurring tension exists between political control and institutional autonomy. Yet the most successful economies are often those that protect key economic institutions from political churn. When appointments are made and reversed with little transparency or explanation, it becomes difficult for any serious investor to plan with confidence. It also becomes harder for ordinary citizens to believe that decisions are made in their interest.
Dr Othow’s recent appointment brings with it a measure of internal familiarity, having served previously as a deputy governor. This could help restore a degree of institutional memory. But experience alone is not enough. What matters most now is whether he will be given the space and security to implement a stable and coherent monetary strategy. That will depend not only on his own leadership, but on whether the political environment allows the central bank to operate as a truly independent body.
This is about more than individuals. It is about systems. It is about whether South Sudan, at this critical stage in its development, can build institutions that outlast the personalities who lead them. It is about whether governance can move from short-term calculations to long-term commitments.
A central bank must be a pillar of consistency, not a revolving door of appointments. It must be respected, not politicised. And above all, it must be seen as a professional institution whose mission is to serve the national interest, not partisan agendas.
There is still time to correct course. South Sudan’s leadership can restore trust by allowing economic experts to lead with independence, by prioritising continuity in monetary policy, and by sending a clear message that the integrity of institutions matters. The country’s future depends not only on peace and diplomacy but also on sound economic stewardship.
Governance is not only about who is in charge. It is about building structures that inspire confidence, even when leadership changes. It is about creating a culture of accountability, predictability, and service.
Stability matters. Credibility matters. Institutions matter. And now, more than ever, South Sudan needs all three.
Written by Ambassador Uzo Owunne (Master of Arts in International Relations) a seasoned development practitioner, thought leader, and public policy advisor with over three decades of experience in diplomacy, governance, and international development. He previously served as Ambassador of the Union of the Comoros to the United Nations International Maritime Organization.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of The Southern African Times.
