Zimbabwe’s electricity generation has experienced a significant boost, driven by an increase in water allocation from the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) and improved output from the Hwange Power Station. This development is expected to provide a much-needed stimulus for key sectors such as agriculture and industry, positioning the country for enhanced economic growth.
The Zambezi River Authority, which manages the Kariba Dam on behalf of Zimbabwe and Zambia, recently increased water allocations following a rise in water levels due to normal to above-normal rainfall in the 2024/2025 season. As a result, power generation at Kariba has surged from 185 megawatts (MW) to 485MW, significantly easing the country’s power deficit.
By the end of last week, Zimbabwe’s total electricity output exceeded 1,500MW, reaching a peak of 1,622MW. This marks a notable improvement compared to previous years, when persistent droughts and aging infrastructure constrained supply. Energy and Power Development Minister July Moyo confirmed that further improvements are expected in the coming months. “We received an increase in water allocation for both Zimbabwe and Zambia. This has significantly enhanced our power generation,” he stated.
The ZRA’s decision to increase water allocation to 27 billion cubic metres this year—up from 16 billion cubic metres in the previous year—has been instrumental in boosting Kariba’s output. Additionally, Hwange’s Unit 7, which is currently undergoing maintenance, is expected to be operational soon, further strengthening the country’s power capacity.
Independent power producers (IPPs) are also set to play a crucial role in Zimbabwe’s energy landscape. Chiredzi Green Fuel, alongside other IPPs, currently supplies 71MW to the grid. However, from April onwards, additional capacity will be introduced, further enhancing supply stability.
Zimbabwe has faced significant energy challenges in recent years, primarily due to drought-induced water shortages linked to El Niño and the refurbishment of outdated infrastructure at the Hwange Power Station. However, the commissioning of two new units—7 and 8—has greatly improved power availability. To further consolidate these gains, the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) is refurbishing six additional units at Hwange, with funding secured from the Export-Import Bank of India. This initiative aligns with the government’s broader objective of reducing dependence on electricity imports while minimising load shedding to support industrial productivity.
The Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) has outlined an ambitious roadmap towards energy self-sufficiency by 2028. According to ZESA’s executive chairperson, Dr Sydney Gata, the company plans to commission at least six new power plants this year, which are projected to contribute an additional 1,000MW to the national grid. By 2029, Zimbabwe aims to generate 2,690MW, a capacity that would meet domestic demand while potentially enabling electricity exports to regional markets.
Improved energy security is expected to have far-reaching economic implications. Finance, Economic Development, and Investment Promotion Minister Professor Mthuli Ncube has underscored the direct link between increased power generation, agricultural productivity, and economic growth. In the 2025 National Budget, the government projected a 6% economic growth rate, largely supported by a revitalised energy sector. The increased power supply is anticipated to enhance irrigation for winter wheat farming, reduce operational costs for businesses, and provide a more stable environment for foreign investment.
With sustained improvements in power generation, Zimbabwe is poised to strengthen its industrial base, bolster agricultural productivity, and enhance overall economic resilience. The government’s ongoing commitment to energy reforms, infrastructure development, and investment in renewable energy sources will be crucial in ensuring long-term sustainability. If current progress is maintained, Zimbabwe could transition from an energy-deficient nation to an emerging power hub in the Southern African region.
